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Python GUI學習筆記(二)：使用PyQt5

Yanwei Liu
16 min readMay 8, 2019

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PyQt5：使用Python設計GUI程式

昨天在圖書館看到《Python GUI程式設計：PyQt5實戰》這本書，隨手翻了一下，讓我有了一些Python GUI程式開發的概念。

medium.com

安裝

pip install PyQt5pip install PyQt5-tools

找到QtDesigner

將exe程式傳送到桌面建立捷徑

載入.UI檔

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, uic
 
import sys
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
win = uic.loadUi("mydesign.ui") #specify the location of your .ui file
 
win.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())

將.ui轉成.py檔案

pyuic5 mydesign.ui -o mydesign.py #轉成mydesign.py

建立視窗

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
 
from mydesign import Ui_MainWindow  # importing our generated file
 
import sys
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
def __init__(self):
 
 super(mywindow, self).__init__()
 
    self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    
    self.ui.setupUi(self)
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
application = mywindow()
 
application.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())

改變字體

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtGui
 
from mydesign import Ui_MainWindow
 
import sys
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
    def __init__(self):
    
        super(mywindow, self).__init__()
        
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
        
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
        
        self.ui.label.setFont(QtGui.QFont('SansSerif', 30)) # change font type and size
 
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
application = mywindow()
 
application.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())

改變視窗尺寸

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtGui,QtCore
 
from mydesign import Ui_MainWindow
 
import sys
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
    def __init__(self):
 
        super(mywindow, self).__init__()
 
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
 
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
 
        self.ui.label.setFont(QtGui.QFont('SansSerif', 30))
 
        self.ui.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 10, 200, 200)) # change label geometry
 
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
application = mywindow()
 
application.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())

改變文字

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtGui,QtCore
 
from mydesign import Ui_MainWindow
 
import sys
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
    def __init__(self):
    
        super(mywindow, self).__init__()
        
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
        
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
        
        self.ui.label.setFont(QtGui.QFont('SansSerif', 30))
        
        self.ui.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 10, 200, 200))
        
        self.ui.label.setText("ABC123") #change label text
 
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
application = mywindow()
 
application.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())

建立QLineEdit

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets,QtCore
 
from mydesign import Ui_MainWindow
 
import sys
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
    def __init__(self):
    
        super(mywindow, self).__init__()
        
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
        
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
        
        self.ui.lineEdit.setText("Welcome to LikeGeeks website") #change text
        
        self.ui.lineEdit_2.setMaxLength(10) #set maximum length
        
        self.ui.lineEdit_3.setEchoMode(QtWidgets.QLineEdit.Password) # password input
        
        self.ui.lineEdit_4.setReadOnly(True) #QLineEdit readonly
        
        self.ui.lineEdit_5.setStyleSheet("color: rgb(28, 43, 255);") #change text color
        
        self.ui.lineEdit_6.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(28, 43, 255);") #change QLineEdit background color
 
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
application = mywindow()
 
application.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())

建立按鈕

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
 
from mydesign import Ui_MainWindow
 
import sys
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
    def __init__(self):
 
        super(mywindow, self).__init__()
 
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
 
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
 
        self.ui.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.btnClicked) # connecting the clicked signal with btnClicked slot
 
    def btnClicked(self):
 
        self.ui.label.setText("Button Clicked")
 
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
application = mywindow()
 
application.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())

使用事件

def crackit():
 
    print(“hazelnut cracked!”)
 
hazelnut = nut()
 
hazelnut.cracked.connect(crackit) # connecting the cracked signal with crackit slot
 
hazelnut.crack()

QComboBox widget

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
 
from mydesign import Ui_MainWindow
 
import sys
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
    def __init__(self):
    
        super(mywindow, self).__init__()
        
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
        
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
        
        self.ui.comboBox.addItem("First item") #add item
        
        self.ui.comboBox.addItem("Second item")
 
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
application = mywindow()
 
application.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())#Get all items
self.ui.comboBox.setCurrentIndex(1) #select by index which is zero-based
 
self.ui.comboBox.setCurrentText("Second item") #select by text

QTableWidget

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
 
from mydesign import Ui_MainWindow
 
import sys
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
    def __init__(self):
    
        super(mywindow, self).__init__()
        
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
        
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
        
        self.ui.tableWidget.setColumnCount(2)
        
        self.ui.tableWidget.setRowCount(4)
 
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
application = mywindow()
 
application.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())#Clear QtableWidget content
def clear():
 
    self.ui.tableWidget.clear()
    
    self.ui.pushButton.clicked.connect(clear)

Populate QTableWidget by code

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTableWidgetItem
 
from mydesign import *
 
import sys
 
data = []
 
data.append(('Populating', 'QtableWidget'))
 
data.append(('With data', 'In Python'))
 
data.append(('Is easy', 'Job'))
 
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
    def __init__(self):
 
        super().__init__()
 
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
 
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
 
        self.ui.tableWidget.setRowCount(3)
 
        self.ui.tableWidget.setColumnCount(2)
 
        row=0
 
        for tup in data:
 
            col=0
 
            for item in tup:
 
                cellinfo=QTableWidgetItem(item)
 
                self.ui.tableWidget.setItem(row, col, cellinfo)
 
                col+=1
 
            row += 1
 
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
win = mywindow()
 
win.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())

讓QTableWidget唯讀

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTableWidgetItem
 
from mydesign import *
 
import sys
 
data = []
 
data.append(('Populating', 'QtableWidget'))
 
data.append(('With data', 'In Python'))
 
data.append(('Is easy', 'Job'))
 
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
    def __init__(self):
 
        super().__init__()
 
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
 
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
 
        self.ui.tableWidget.setRowCount(3)
 
        self.ui.tableWidget.setColumnCount(2)
 
        row=0
 
        for tup in data:
 
            col=0
 
            for item in tup:
 
                cellinfo=QTableWidgetItem(item)
                
                cellinfo.setFlags(QtCore.Qt.ItemIsSelectable | QtCore.Qt.ItemIsEnabled)  # make cell not editable
 
                self.ui.tableWidget.setItem(row, col, cellinfo)
 
                col+=1
 
            row += 1
 
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
win = mywindow()
 
win.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())

設定QTableWidget的column名稱

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTableWidgetItem
 
from mydesign import *
 
import sys
 
data = []
 
data.append(('Populating', 'QtableWidget'))
 
data.append(('With data', 'In Python'))
 
data.append(('Is easy', 'Job'))
 
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
    def __init__(self):
 
        super().__init__()
 
        self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
 
        self.ui.setupUi(self)
 
        self.ui.tableWidget.setRowCount(3)
 
        self.ui.tableWidget.setColumnCount(2)
 
        self.ui.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(('Column 1', 'Column 2'))  # set header text
 
        row=0
 
        for tup in data:
 
            col=0
 
            for item in tup:
 
                cellinfo=QTableWidgetItem(item)
 
                self.ui.tableWidget.setItem(row, col, cellinfo)
 
                col+=1
 
            row += 1
 
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
win = mywindow()
 
win.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())

在QTableWidget新增QComboBox

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTableWidgetItem
 
from mydesign import *
 
import sys
 
data = ['PyQt5','Is','Awesome']
 
class mywindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
 
        def __init__(self):
 
            super().__init__()
 
            self.ui = Ui_MainWindow()
 
            self.ui.setupUi(self)
 
            self.ui.tableWidget.setRowCount(3)
 
            self.ui.tableWidget.setColumnCount(2)
 
            row=0
 
            for item in data:
 
                cellinfo=QTableWidgetItem(item)
 
                combo = QtWidgets.QComboBox()
 
                combo.addItem("First item")
 
                combo.addItem("Second item")
 
                self.ui.tableWidget.setItem(row, 0, cellinfo)
 
                self.ui.tableWidget.setCellWidget(row, 1, combo)
 
                row += 1
 
 
app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
 
win = mywindow()
 
win.show()
 
sys.exit(app.exec())

打包程式成.exe

pip install pyinstallerpyinstaller --onefile test.py       #形成一個.exe
pyinstaller -w test.py              #隱藏跳出的CMD界面
pyinstaller --onefile -w test.py    #合併上述功能

將Python程式打包成exe執行檔-PyInstaller 使用筆記

安裝

medium.com

PyQt5 tutorial - Python GUI programming examples - Like Geeks

In a previous tutorial, we talked about the Tkinter module and we saw how to build GUI apps using it. In this tutorial…

likegeeks.com

Python
GUI
Windows 10
Programming

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Yanwei Liu
Yanwei Liu

Written by Yanwei Liu

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