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Python GUI學習筆記(一)：使用Tkinter

Yanwei Liu
17 min readMay 5, 2019

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#20200430更新Tkinter GUI設計 @ K_程式人 :: 痞客邦 ::

Tkinter GUI設計 @ K_程式人 :: 痞客邦 ::

Tkinter GUI設計

@ K_程式人 :: 痞客邦 :: Tkinter GUI設計jennaweng0621.pixnet.net

建立視窗

from tkinter import *
 
window = Tk()
 
window.title("我的第一個GUI程式")          #視窗標題
 
window.mainloop()

在視窗中顯示文字

from tkinter import *
 
window = Tk()

window.title(“Welcome to LikeGeeks app”)
window.geometry('350x200')              #視窗尺寸 lbl = Label(window, text=”Hello”)       #顯示文字 
lbl.grid(column=0, row=0)               #文字位置
lbl = Label(window, text="Hello", font=("Arial Bold", 50)) #字體與大小btn = Button(window, text="Click Me")   #新增按鈕
btn.grid(column=1, row=0)               #按鈕位置
btn = Button(window, text="Click Me", bg="orange", fg="red")
                                        #改變前景與背景色window.mainloop()

處理按鈕事件

def clicked():
    lbl.configure(text="Button was clicked !!")------------------------------------------------------------from tkinter import *window = Tk()window.title(“Welcome to LikeGeeks app”)window.geometry(‘350x200’)lbl = Label(window, text=”Hello”)lbl.grid(column=0, row=0)def clicked():    lbl.configure(text=”Button was clicked !!”)btn = Button(window, text=”Click Me”, command=clicked)
                                      #使用clicked函數btn.grid(column=1, row=0)window.mainloop()

修改按鈕事件

def clicked():
 
    res = "Welcome to " + txt.get()   #取得輸入到txt的文字內容
 
    lbl.configure(text= res)-----------------------------------------------------------------
from tkinter import *window = Tk()window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")window.geometry('350x200')lbl = Label(window, text="Hello")lbl.grid(column=0, row=0)txt = Entry(window,width=10)txt.grid(column=1, row=0)def clicked():
    res = "Welcome to " + txt.get()
    lbl.configure(text= res)btn = Button(window, text="Click Me", command=clicked)btn.grid(column=2, row=0)window.mainloop()

輸入文字

txt = Entry(window,width=10)      #文字輸入框，寬度10
-----------------------------------------------
from tkinter import *window = Tk()window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")window.geometry('350x200')lbl = Label(window, text="Hello")lbl.grid(column=0, row=0)txt = Entry(window,width=10)txt.grid(column=1, row=0)def clicked():lbl.configure(text="Button was clicked !!")btn = Button(window, text="Click Me", command=clicked)btn.grid(column=2, row=0)window.mainloop()

取消輸入框

txt = Entry(window,width=10, state='disabled')

下拉式方框

from tkinter.ttk import *
combo = Combobox(window)
------------------------------------------------
from tkinter import *from tkinter.ttk import *window = Tk()window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")window.geometry('350x200')combo = Combobox(window)combo['values']= (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, "Text")combo.current(1) #set the selected itemcombo.grid(column=0, row=0)window.mainloop()

複選框

chk = Checkbutton(window, text='Choose')
-------------------------------------------------from tkinter import *from tkinter.ttk import *window = Tk()window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")window.geometry('350x200')chk_state = BooleanVar()chk_state.set(True) #set check statechk = Checkbutton(window, text='Choose', var=chk_state)chk.grid(column=0, row=0)window.mainloop()

選項按鈕

rad1 = Radiobutton(window,text='First', value=1)---------------------------------------------------from tkinter import *from tkinter.ttk import *
 
window = Tk()
 
window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
 
window.geometry('350x200')
 
rad1 = Radiobutton(window,text='First', value=1)
 
rad2 = Radiobutton(window,text='Second', value=2)
 
rad3 = Radiobutton(window,text='Third', value=3)
 
rad1.grid(column=0, row=0)
 
rad2.grid(column=1, row=0)
 
rad3.grid(column=2, row=0)
 
window.mainloop()

取得選項按鈕的值

from tkinter import *
 
from tkinter.ttk import *
 
window = Tk()
 
window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
 
selected = IntVar()
 
rad1 = Radiobutton(window,text='First', value=1, variable=selected)
 
rad2 = Radiobutton(window,text='Second', value=2, variable=selected)
 
rad3 = Radiobutton(window,text='Third', value=3, variable=selected)
 
def clicked():
 
   print(selected.get())
 
btn = Button(window, text="Click Me", command=clicked)
 
rad1.grid(column=0, row=0)
 
rad2.grid(column=1, row=0)
 
rad3.grid(column=2, row=0)
 
btn.grid(column=3, row=0)
 
window.mainloop()

滾動文字框

from tkinter import scrolledtexttxt = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(window,width=40,height=10)-----------------------------------------------------------------from tkinter import *
 
from tkinter import scrolledtext
 
window = Tk()
 
window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
 
window.geometry('350x200')
 
txt = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(window,width=40,height=10)txt.insert(INSERT,'You text goes here')  #插入文字到滾動框txt.grid(column=0,row=0)
 
window.mainloop()

創建對話框

from tkinter import messagebox
 
messagebox.showinfo('Message title','Message content')
------------------------------------------------
from tkinter import *
 
from tkinter import messagebox
 
window = Tk()
 
window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
 
window.geometry('350x200')
 
def clicked():
 
    messagebox.showinfo('Message title', 'Message content')
 
btn = Button(window,text='Click here', command=clicked)
 
btn.grid(column=0,row=0)
 
window.mainloop()
-----------------------------------------------------------------messagebox.showwarning('Message title', 'Message content') #顯示警告messagebox.showerror('Message title', 'Message content')   #顯示錯誤

問題對話框

from tkinter import messagebox
 
res = messagebox.askquestion('Message title','Message content')
 
res = messagebox.askyesno('Message title','Message content')
 
res = messagebox.askyesnocancel('Message title','Message content')
 
res = messagebox.askokcancel('Message title','Message content')
 
res = messagebox.askretrycancel('Message title','Message content')

數字選擇

spin = Spinbox(window, from_=0, to=100)            #範圍0~100
spin = Spinbox(window, from_=0, to=100, width=5)   #範圍0~100,寬度5-------------------------------------------------------
from tkinter import *
 
window = Tk()
 
window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
 
window.geometry('350x200')
 
spin = Spinbox(window, from_=0, to=100, width=5)
 
spin.grid(column=0,row=0)
 
window.mainloop()-------------------------------------------------------
spin = Spinbox(window, values=(3, 8, 11), width=5) #只顯示3,8,11#設定數字預設值
var =IntVar()
var.set(36)
spin = Spinbox(window, from_=0, to=100, width=5, textvariable=var)

進度條

from tkinter.ttk import Progressbar
 
bar = Progressbar(window, length=200)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
from tkinter import *
 
from tkinter.ttk import Progressbar
 
from tkinter import ttk
 
window = Tk()
 
window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
 
window.geometry('350x200')
 
style = ttk.Style()
 
style.theme_use('default')
 
style.configure("black.Horizontal.TProgressbar", background='black')
 
bar = Progressbar(window, length=200, style='black.Horizontal.TProgressbar')
 
bar['value'] = 70         #進度條至70%
 
bar.grid(column=0, row=0)
 
window.mainloop()

選取檔案路徑

from tkinter import filedialog
 
file = filedialog.askopenfilename() #單一檔案
files =filedialog.askopenfilenames()#多個檔案，函式名稱只差一個s
dir = filedialog.askdirectory()     #選擇指定資料夾路徑
---------------------------------------------------------
from os import path 
file = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir= path.dirname(__file__))          #指定起始選擇資料夾位置
file = filedialog.askopenfilename(filetypes = (("Text files","*.txt"),("all files","*.*")))         #指定檔案類型

增加MENU導航欄

from tkinter import Menumenu = Menu(window)menu.add_command(label='File')window.config(menu=menu)-----------------------------------
from tkinter import *
 
from tkinter import Menu
 
window = Tk()
 
window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
 
menu = Menu(window)
 
new_item = Menu(menu)
 
new_item.add_command(label='New')
 
menu.add_cascade(label='File', menu=new_item) #在menu裡建立menu
 
window.config(menu=menu)
 
window.mainloop()
----------------------------------------------------------------
建立更多MENU
from tkinter import *
 
from tkinter import Menu
 
window = Tk()
 
window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
 
menu = Menu(window)
 
new_item = Menu(menu)
 
new_item.add_command(label='New')
 
new_item.add_separator()
 
new_item.add_command(label='Edit')
 
menu.add_cascade(label='File', menu=new_item)
 
window.config(menu=menu)
 
window.mainloop()

建立Tab頁面

#單頁
from tkinter import *
 
from tkinter import ttk
 
window = Tk()
 
window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
 
tab_control = ttk.Notebook(window)
 
tab1 = ttk.Frame(tab_control)
 
tab_control.add(tab1, text='First')
 
tab_control.pack(expand=1, fill='both')
 
window.mainloop()
#多頁
from tkinter import *
 
from tkinter import ttk
 
window = Tk()
 
window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
 
tab_control = ttk.Notebook(window)
 
tab1 = ttk.Frame(tab_control)
 
tab2 = ttk.Frame(tab_control)
 
tab_control.add(tab1, text='First')
 
tab_control.add(tab2, text='Second')
 
lbl1 = Label(tab1, text= 'label1')
 
lbl1.grid(column=0, row=0)
 
lbl2 = Label(tab2, text= 'label2')
 
lbl2.grid(column=0, row=0)
 
tab_control.pack(expand=1, fill='both')
 
window.mainloop()

Python GUI examples (Tkinter Tutorial) - Like Geeks

Learn how to develop GUI applications using Python Tkinter package, In this tutorial, you'll learn how to create…

likegeeks.com

Python
GUI
Programming
Application
Windows App Development

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Yanwei Liu

Written by Yanwei Liu

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